Parshat Ki Tissa - The Light of the 2 Crowns

BH

 From the Joy of Purim to the Golden Calf

At first glance the Parshah seems to move in the opposite direction. Right after the great joy and miracle of Purim, we encounter the story of the Golden Calf. It appears as if we are moving backwards—from redemption to collapse. How can it be that after such a powerful revelation of salvation we read about the Jewish people falling to one of the lowest levels imaginable?

Yet in truth, the episode of the Golden Calf brought about the revelation of a higher level of compassion. As a result of that sin, Hashem revealed to Moshe Rabbeinu the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy. This revelation represents a deeper level of Divine compassion that had not previously been revealed. In that sense, the miracle of Purim and the events of Parshat Ki Tissa are closely connected. Both emerge from a hidden level of redemption and compassion that becomes revealed specifically through crisis.

To understand this more deeply, we must examine several details in the Parshah—how Moshe Rabbeinu spoke with Hashem in order to calm the Divine anger, what Hashem said in response, and what spiritual damage was caused by the Golden Calf.

Moshe Rabbeinu’s Argument

After the sin, Moshe Rabbeinu pleaded with Hashem not to destroy the Jewish people. He presented a powerful argument: if Hashem would forgive the people, then all would be well. But if not—“v’im ayin, mecheini na misifrecha”—then blot me out from Your book. Moshe declared that he did not want to become the founder of a new nation if the current people would be destroyed.

Moshe explained his reasoning with a striking analogy. If a table with three legs cannot stand, how could a table with only one leg stand? The Jewish people stood upon the merit of the three forefathers—Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov. If their descendants could not endure even with the merit of those three pillars, how could Moshe expect his own descendants alone to succeed? Through this argument Moshe Rabbeinu succeeded in persuading Hashem not to destroy the Jewish people entirely.

Nevertheless, the situation was still extremely serious. Hashem declared that those who sinned would still be punished. In addition, He announced that His Divine Presence would no longer accompany the Jewish people in the same way.

The Removal of the Divine Presence

In chapter 33 the Torah describes Hashem telling Moshe that His Presence – the Shekhinah – would no longer travel directly among the Jewish people. Instead, He would send an angel to accompany them. Paradoxically, this was actually for their benefit. The holiness of the Divine Presence is so intense that even a slight blemish among the people could provoke severe judgment. If the people were not able to maintain the necessary level of holiness, that closeness itself could bring destruction. Therefore Hashem said He would send an angel instead.

When the Jewish people heard this announcement, they mourned deeply. The verse says that no man placed his edyo—his crown—upon his head. What crown is this referring to? The Gemara in Masechet Shabbat teaches that when the Jewish people declared at Mount Sinai, “Naaseh v’Nishma”—“We will do and we will listen”—six hundred thousand angels descended and placed two crowns upon every Jew: one crown for “Naaseh” and one crown for “Nishma.”

Yet the verse describing their mourning mentions only a single crown. The people did not place “the crown” upon their heads. Immediately afterward, Hashem tells Moshe to instruct the people to remove the crown from their heads. Then the next verse states that the Jewish people removed their crowns—now in the plural. The commentaries ask the obvious question: if they had already removed the crown, why does Hashem command them to remove it again?

The Two Crowns of Naaseh and Nishma

The Midrash and the commentators explain that every Jew received two crowns—one for Naaseh and one for Nishma. The crown of Naaseh represents action, the commitment to perform Hashem’s commandments. The crown of Nishma represents something deeper—the inner desire and yearning to fulfill Hashem’s will.

Because of the sin of the Golden Calf, the crown of Naaseh was already blemished. The Jewish people themselves removed that crown. But Hashem then instructed them to remove the second crown as well. Even the crown of Nishma, the crown of desire, had to be taken away. This is why the verses first mention the crown in the singular and then in the plural: first the crown they removed themselves, and then the second crown that Hashem required them to remove.

Reb Noson explains that the crown of Nishma represents the deeper level of ratzon, the yearning to serve Hashem even when one is unable to act. Action is one level, but desire is far deeper. The tragedy of the Golden Calf was not only a failure of action—it was also a failure of inner desire.

The Meaning of the Crown — The Keter

Reb Noson explains that these crowns correspond to the concept of Keter, the “crown” described in Kabbalah. The Keter represents the gateway through which a person receives and perceives the Infinite Light of Hashem. That light is constantly flowing, sending vitality and abundance—chiyut v’shefa—to every person.

Yet the Keter functions in a surprising way. According to Likutey Moharan lesson 24, the Keter actually pushes a person back. When someone advances toward spiritual light, he experiences setbacks and obstacles. This pushback is not a punishment; it is part of the mechanism through which the Infinite Light enters his life.

The Zohar describes this dynamic as “reaching and not reaching.” A person moves forward and then is pushed back. He advances and then retreats. Through this process he develops the vessels necessary to receive greater light. Without setbacks, a person cannot grow. If someone imagines that spiritual life consists only of continuous advancement without difficulties, he fundamentally misunderstands how spiritual growth works.

Rebbe Nachman teaches in Sichot HaRan that if a person cannot accept setbacks with faith and patience, he can never advance. The ability to endure those setbacks is precisely what allows the Infinite Light to enter.

The Two Levels of Keter

The two crowns correspond to two aspects of the Keter. The crown of Naaseh represents the Keter associated with action—when a person is actively doing mitzvot and advancing spiritually. The crown of Nishma represents the deeper level—the Keter associated with desire. When a person cannot act, when he experiences setbacks or obstacles, his yearning to come close to Hashem grows stronger.

Rebbe Nachman explains that desire becomes stronger precisely when something is withheld. When a person is prevented from attaining something, his longing intensifies. Thus the setbacks themselves create the deeper crown—the crown of desire.

Both crowns together enable a person to receive the Infinite Light.

The Despair of the Golden Calf

The tragedy of the Golden Calf was that the Jewish people fell into despair. Satan deliberately created confusion while Moshe Rabbeinu was on Mount Sinai. Through deception, he caused the people to miscalculate the time of Moshe’s return and even showed them an illusion of Moshe’s body suspended in the air, as if Moshe had died.

Under that pressure the people panicked. The Erev Rav, the mixed multitude, urged them to create a new leader. Hur attempted to stop them and was killed. Aharon tried to delay the process as much as possible, hoping Moshe would return before the situation spiraled further. Nevertheless, the pressure and confusion led many people to participate in creating the Golden Calf.

This represents a failure of patience. When a person faces pressure and uncertainty, he may make impulsive decisions rather than waiting with faith. Instead of enduring the setback and trusting that Moshe would return, the people rushed to create their own solution.

That despair blemished the crowns. The Keter is meant to function through setbacks: a person falls, but then he rises again. When someone experiences a setback and still cries out, “Hashem, I want to come close to You,” that desire itself draws the Infinite Light. But when a person falls and declares that everything is finished—that is the opposite of the Keter.

Those who maintain their desire will eventually rise again. But those who surrender to despair fall completely. That is what happened with the Golden Calf. Under pressure and confusion, many people abandoned patience and hope, and in doing so they lost the crowns that once connected them to the Infinite Light.

Because we failed to use the crowns properly—and in the absence of the Beit HaMikdash—their light must now be accessed through the true Tzaddikim

The Keter and the Settling of the Mind

Rebbe Nachman explains that the Keter also serves another purpose: it settles and organizes the mind. When a person is advancing and absorbing spiritual light, the experience can become overwhelming. The influx of light comes so quickly that the mind has no opportunity to absorb and integrate it.

Therefore the Keter introduces a pushback. The brakes are applied, so to speak, and the person is pushed away temporarily. This pause allows the mind to settle and become organized. Only then can the person properly receive and contain the light that he is being given.

In the episode of the Golden Calf, however, the Jewish people blemished both aspects of the Keter. They damaged the crown of Naaseh through their actions in creating the Golden Calf. But they also blemished the crown of Nishma, the crown of desire. When they concluded that Moshe Rabbeinu was gone and declared, “This is your god, Israel,” they demonstrated that they had lost patience with the process entirely.

Such a reaction occurs when a person cannot tolerate a setback. Instead of enduring the pushback and waiting for clarity, he panics and searches for an immediate replacement. The Keter, which requires patience and trust, becomes impossible to sustain.

For this reason Hashem commanded that the crowns be removed. The system of Keter was no longer functioning properly among the people. In truth, this removal was not a punishment but a necessary adjustment, because the people were not yet capable of using the crowns correctly.

The Tent Outside the Camp

If the crowns were removed, however, a difficult question arises. Without access to the Keter, how could an ordinary Jew continue to advance spiritually?

The answer appears immediately in the next verse. After the crowns were removed, the Torah states: “U’Moshe yikach et ha’ohel”—Moshe Rabbeinu took his tent and placed it outside the camp, far from the encampment of the Jewish people. He called it the Ohel Moed, the Tent of Meeting.

The Torah then explains that anyone who sought Hashem—“v’haya kol mevakesh Hashem”—would go out to the Tent of Meeting outside the camp.

This movement outward carried deep significance. A person who truly wished to seek Hashem had to leave the familiar environment of the camp and travel outward to Moshe Rabbeinu. That journey itself demonstrated how much he desired to connect to Hashem.

The Light Given to Moshe Rabbeinu

The Zohar teaches that the word ohel—tent—can also refer to a halo or surrounding light. The verse in Iyov says, “b’hilo nero alei roshi,” describing a light shining above one’s head. The Zohar connects this idea with the crowns that were removed from the Jewish people.

The light of those crowns did not disappear entirely. Instead, it was transferred to Moshe Rabbeinu. Moshe received the spiritual light that had once been distributed among the entire nation.

From that point onward, anyone who wished to access the Infinite Light could no longer do so independently. The crowns of Naaseh and Nishma had been blemished. Therefore the only path was through Moshe Rabbeinu.

Anyone seeking the Divine Presence had to approach Moshe’s Tent of Meeting. There, the Shechinah rested with Moshe Rabbeinu, and through him the Jewish people could once again access the light that had previously been available to them through the crowns.

This arrangement remained in place until the Mishkan was erected on Rosh Chodesh Nisan. Once the Mishkan was established, the Divine Presence rested there, and the various vessels of the Mishkan—the Aron, the Menorah, the Showbread, and the altar of Ketoret—became channels through which the Jewish people could once again receive spiritual light.

Leaving the Comfort Zone to Seek the Tzaddik

There is an important message here for every generation. When a person pushes himself too aggressively in spiritual growth and cannot tolerate the inevitable setbacks, he may lose his connection to the Keter. When he insists that things must happen immediately, according to his expectations, he loses the patience required to allow the mind to settle.

At that point the only path forward is through the Tzaddikim—the spiritual leaders who possess access to the light of the crowns.

Yet even this path contains a test. Moshe Rabbeinu’s tent was deliberately placed outside the camp. Anyone seeking Hashem had to leave the familiar surroundings of the community and travel outward in order to find the source of light.

This pattern appears again in the story of Purim.

The Example of Mordechai

At the end of Megillat Esther we read that Mordechai became second to King Achashverosh and that his influence spread throughout the entire empire. The nations feared the Jews because of the miraculous reversal of events—v’nahafoch hu—in which the Jewish people, who had been destined for destruction, were instead empowered to defeat their enemies.

Yet the Megillah concludes with a surprising detail: Mordechai was accepted by the majority of his brethren, but not by all of them. Some members of the Sanhedrin distanced themselves from him.

Rashi explains that since Mordechai became involved with the government, he was able to devote less time to Torah study. Because of this, some scholars questioned his role.

This situation reveals the same pattern we saw with Moshe Rabbeinu. The Tzaddik who holds the light is not always fully accepted by the establishment. Sometimes his position appears unusual or controversial. This creates a test for those who are truly seeking Hashem.

The Test of the Mevakesh Hashem

A person who is genuinely a mevakesh Hashem, someone seeking Hashem, must sometimes step beyond the familiar structures of religious life. This does not mean abandoning Torah or Halacha. Rather, it means being willing to search for the deeper truth, even when it lies outside the comfortable framework of convention.

The Torah hints to this idea through Moshe Rabbeinu’s tent outside the camp and through the partial acceptance of Mordechai among his peers.

Throughout history, those who have sought the deepest spiritual light have often faced opposition or misunderstanding. This pattern is well known in the history of the Breslov movement itself. From its earliest days there were debates, opposition, and doubts about following Rebbe Nachman. Yet such opposition is part of the test faced by anyone who sincerely seeks Hashem.

The question becomes: are we willing to leave the comfort of the status quo in order to pursue truth?

Restoring the Crowns

Because the Jewish people once failed to use the crowns properly, the light of those crowns must now be accessed through the Tzaddikim of every generation. In the absence of the Beit HaMikdash, the spiritual light that once radiated from the Temple is found through the true Tzaddikim who guide the generation.

This situation continues until the coming of Mashiach. At that time the crowns will be restored to the Jewish people. The Gemara in Shabbat teaches that the ornaments that were removed—the two crowns of Naaseh and Nishma—will once again return.

The verse promises: “v’simchat olam al rosham”—an eternal joy will rest upon their heads. The crowns that once rested upon the heads of the Jewish people will return, restoring the full light of Divine connection.

May we merit to find the true Tzaddikim who illuminate our path with the light of Naaseh and Nishma, and may we soon witness the restoration of those crowns with the coming of Mashiach.

Shabbat Shalom, and may we merit the purification of the Parah Adumah as preparation for Pesach, b’ezrat Hashem.

Meir Elkabas

This article also appears on the BRI breslov.org website: https://breslov.org/the-light-of-the-crowns-2/ 

For a video presentation of this article: https://youtu.be/3yuA7_TXjVc

This class is based on Likutey Moharan lesson 24. 

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Parshat Tetzaveh - Remembering the 12 Tribes

 BH

Remembering the Twelve Tribes

Parshat Tetzaveh falls together with Shabbat Zachor, just before Purim—a powerful and heavy Shabbat. The Parashah describes, among other things, the vestments of Aharon the Kohen Gadol. Within those garments, two features stand out: the Avnei Shoham on the shoulders of the ephod, and the Choshen Mishpat, the breastplate worn over the heart.

Both contain the names of the twelve tribes.

On the shoulders were two identical stones. On one were engraved six tribes, and on the other the remaining six. Then on the Choshen were twelve separate stones, each bearing a tribal name. In addition, the names Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov were included, and even additional letters so that every letter of the alphabet was present. Through these letters, when guidance was sought—such as whether to wage war—the letters of the response would illuminate.

The question is obvious: why the redundancy? Why inscribe the names of the twelve tribes twice—once on the shoulders and again on the heart?

The Names of the Tzaddikim as Remembrance

The Torah states regarding the shoulder stones (Shemot 28:12) that they are “stones of remembrance for Bnei Yisrael,” and Aharon carries their names before Hashem on his two shoulders.

Rashi explains that the remembrance is for Hashem—to recall the righteousness of the tribes and arouse compassion.

The Midrash draws from here an astonishing principle: this is the source for the power of reciting names of Tzaddikim. Rebbe Nachman writes in the Aleph-Bet book that merely mentioning the names of Tzaddikim can activate their merit and even bring miracles above nature. Their holiness transcends natural law, and invoking their names arouses their merit.

This is learned from the engraved names of the twelve tribes. Even after their passing, their names retain—and even intensify—their spiritual power. Hashem “sees” their names and remembers their righteousness. That remembrance brings compassion and salvation.

So the Avnei Shoham serve as a reminder of the merit of the tribes.

But then the Torah describes the Choshen (28:29): “And Aharon shall carry the names of Bnei Yisrael on the Choshen of judgment upon his heart when he enters the holy place, as a remembrance before Hashem tamid—always.”

Here the key word appears: tamid.

Tamid — Always

The Midrash explains that the power of the names engraved on the Choshen is so great that even when the Kohen Gadol is not wearing the garment, their merit remains active. Specifically, when he enters the Holy of Holies on Yom Kippur wearing only four white garments—without the Choshen—the merit of those names still enables him to enter and achieve atonement. Without that merit, he could not succeed.

This introduces the difference between the two inscriptions. The shoulder stones are “for remembrance.” The Choshen is remembrance tamid—always.

What does tamid mean in this context?

Rebbe Nachman, in Likutey Moharan Lesson 24, teaches that a person must learn how to serve Hashem in a state called mateh v’lo mateh—reaching and not reaching. One advances toward light and then is pushed back. One ascends and then falls. The test is whether one can hold on in both states.

A person striving for closeness to Hashem inevitably experiences pushback. In Kabbalistic language, this pushback comes from the keter—the crown. The keter acts as a barrier so that a person does not dissolve in overwhelming light. When someone sincerely strives for spiritual growth, Heaven may “pull the carpet” from beneath him. The setback feels shocking and disorienting. Yet it is not punishment. It is preparation—forming vessels capable of receiving greater light.

The secret is to continue.

Even when a person falls, he gets back up and begins again. That is tamid.

Simcha Tamidit

Rebbe Nachman famously teaches: mitzvah gedolah lihiyot b’simcha tamid—it is a great mitzvah to be happy always.

How can that be? Life contains pain, loss, mourning, setbacks.

The answer is subtle. When a person makes simcha his steady orientation—when he works consistently to choose positivity and gratitude—then even when he falls into sadness, that simcha remains present in potential form. It does not disappear. It waits beneath the surface and provides the strength to rise again.

The continual effort to live with joy creates an internal reservoir. When the person crashes, that reservoir whispers: don’t give up. Try again. Start small. Do what you can.

This is simcha tamidit—not constant emotional euphoria, but a continual commitment to return to joy.

The Breastplate and the Tzaddikim

Now the symbolism deepens.

The twelve stones represent the twelve tribes—the Tzaddikim. The shoulder stones activate their merit as remembrance. But the Choshen, worn on the heart, represents something greater: the capacity to maintain merit tamid, always.

The Tzaddikim embody this quality. Whether ascending or descending, whether advancing or pushed back, they do not interpret setbacks as failure. They see them as part of the growth process. For them, even the descent is an ascent in disguise.

It is as if they are always wearing the Choshen. Even when the garment is removed, the merit remains active.

So too, the one who trains himself in simcha tamidit carries that light whether in clarity or confusion, ascent or setback. The remembrance does not turn off.

And this, the Midrash teaches, is what empowers the Kohen Gadol even when entering the Holy of Holies on Yom Kippur without the Choshen. The merit is not dependent on the visible garment. It has become internalized.

The same applies to spiritual growth. When joy and trust are internalized, they remain operative even when not visibly present.

In Parshat Tetzaveh, remembering the twelve tribes is not only about historical remembrance. It is about activating the quality of tamid—the ability to endure pushback without despair, to hold joy even in potential form, and to continue serving Hashem whether advancing or retreating.

That is the remembrance that never ceases.

We are descendants of Avraham, Yitzchak, Yaakov, and the twelve tribes. Even if the Torah feels heavy, we are upheld by the light of the Choshen

The Descent That Is Really an Ascent

Reb Noson illustrates this idea through the Avodah of the Kohen Gadol on Yom Kippur.

On that day, the Kohen Gadol immerses in the mikveh five times. When he moves from a lower level of service to a higher one—such as entering the Holy of Holies—it makes sense that he must immerse. He is ascending. He requires spiritual preparation.

But the Torah requires immersion even when he exits the Holy of Holies to return to the outer service—the daily korbanot—and dons the full eight garments again. Why immerse when going down? He is leaving the highest level and returning to what appears to be a lesser one.

Reb Noson explains: it is a descent that is truly an ascent.

Even when leaving the Holy of Holies, the Kohen Gadol is not “going down.” He is continuing forward. What appears externally as a step down is part of the upward process. Therefore, each transition—whether entering or exiting—requires immersion. Every movement is growth.

This is the light of the Choshen.

The twelve stones on the breastplate—together with the names of Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov—represent all the Tzaddikim throughout the generations. Their defining quality is that whether “in” or “out,” whether ascending or descending, they remain connected. They do not interpret setbacks as failure. They know every pushback is preparation.

Rebbe Nachman once described this level about himself. When returning from Eretz Yisrael, he endured tremendous danger. He said that even if he were sold as a slave and cast to the most distant place without access to Torah, tefillin, or a Jewish community, he would still be able to serve Hashem with whatever means were available. Like Yaakov Avinu, who, according to the Zohar, “put on tefillin” symbolically through the peeling of branches. Even in exile, service is possible.

That is tamid.

Just as the Choshen activates remembrance even when not physically worn, so too the Tzaddikim maintain simcha and connection even when externally removed from clarity or elevation. Even the “out” is part of the “in.”

The Shoulder Stones — The Burden of Torah

The two shoulder stones of the ephod represent something different.

The Baal HaTurim and others explain that the two stones correspond to the two tablets of the Torah. The twelve tribes engraved six and six reflect the division at Har Gerizim and Har Eival—blessings and curses. Six tribes stood for blessing, six for curse. The Torah presents reward and consequence.

This represents the ordinary Jew (descendants of the 12 tribes inscribed therein) —us.

When we fulfill the Torah, we are blessed. When we fail, there are consequences. It is not always tamid. It feels conditional. It feels heavy.

(side note: The word for shoulder, katef, has the gematria of 500. Remarkably, Noson—the name of Rebbe Nachman’s primary disciple—also equals 500. It is said that HaRav David Zvi – Reb Noson’s father-in-law – chose him over greater scholars because, as he put it, he had “broad shoulders.” He could endure. He could carry responsibility-weight.)

The shoulder carries burden.

Torah is sometimes heavy. It is not always shining light like the breastplate. Often it is obligation. Discipline. Restraint. Effort. We carry the weight of the tablets on our shoulders.

The Choshen, however, is luminous. It shines. It rests over the heart.

And the Torah specifically connects the Choshen to the shoulder stones with chains and straps. The breastplate is held up by the shoulders.

This teaches that the Tzaddikim exist for the sake of Am Yisrael. Their light rests upon and is supported by the struggles of the ordinary Jew. And the ordinary Jew draws strength from attachment to the Tzaddikim.

The shoulder carries the weight.
The heart shines the light.

Together, they form one Avodah.

Purim and the Eight Garments

The Megillah describes Achashverosh’s lavish feast, and in the phrase “chur karpas,” the letter chet is written large. The Manot HaLevi explains that this hints that Achashverosh donned the eight garments of the Kohen Gadol.

Why would he do such a thing?

On the surface, to demoralize the Jews. But there are many ways to demoralize. Why specifically the eight garments?

Because the Kohen Gadol represents the pinnacle of simcha. The Zohar says that if a Kohen came to serve in the Beit HaMikdash while sad, he would be sent home. Avodah requires joy. The eight garments symbolize holy simcha, culminating in the Choshen.

Achashverosh attempted to appropriate that holiness—to seize the simcha of Am Yisrael and redirect it into impurity.

But true simcha belongs only to Am Yisrael. “Simchu baHashem v’gilu Tzaddikim.” Our joy is bound with Hashem. “Orayta, Yisrael, v’Kudsha Brich Hu kula chad.” Torah, Israel, and Hashem are one.

When evil attempts to swallow holy joy, that act becomes the beginning of its downfall. Achashverosh’s wearing of the eight garments led to his intoxication, to the episode with Vashti, to her downfall, to Esther’s rise, and ultimately to Haman’s destruction.

The theft of holy simcha cannot endure.

Remember Who We Are

On Shabbat Zachor, just before Purim, we are commanded to remember Amalek. Amalek whispers despair. “You are nothing. You will never succeed. You have every reason to be sad.”

Parshat Tetzaveh answers with remembrance of the twelve tribes.

We are descendants of Avraham, Yitzchak, Yaakov, and the twelve tribes. We are connected to the Tzaddikim. Even if we struggle beneath the burden of the shoulder stones, even if Torah feels heavy, we are upheld by the light of the Choshen.

The regular Jew carries weight.
The Tzaddik shines light.
And both are bound together.

Remembering that alone is enough to activate simcha.

If we merit to reclaim true simcha— especially on Purim – to reject Amalek’s voice of despair—then we can be zocheh to complete redemption, to the Korban Pesach, to Mashiach’s arrival bimheirah b’yameinu, amen.

Shabbat Shalom u’Mevorach and Purim Sameach

Meir Elkabas

This article also appears on the BRI breslov.org website: https://breslov.org/remembering-the-12-tribes/ 

For a video presentation of this article: https://youtu.be/BnJZhM3JVRg

This class is based on Likutey Moharan lesson 24. 

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